Implementing Apache Kafka for Real-Time Data Streaming in a Mobile Operator

Background:

A major Middle Eastern mobile operator was facing significant challenges in managing and processing the vast amounts of data generated from its network infrastructure and customer base. With millions of subscribers and a constantly growing demand for data services, the operator struggled to process and act on real-time data, particularly in areas like network monitoring, customer analytics, and billing operations. 

Their existing infrastructure was largely batch-based, leading to significant delays in processing critical data such as call records, data usage, customer behavior, and fraud detection. This resulted in:

The operator needed a real-time data streaming solution that was scalable, fault-tolerant, and could integrate with their existing systems. After partnering with Wizuda and evaluating various technologies, the decision was made to implement Apache Kafka as the core platform for processing and distributing real-time data across their network.

Key Use Cases of Apache Kafka:

The operator managed an extensive network infrastructure, which included a significant number of cell towers and network devices generating logs and metrics around the clock. Previously, network performance issues, such as service outages or dropped calls, were only identified after the fact through batch-processed logs.

 

Kafka’s Role

  • Kafka was deployed to collect real-time telemetry data from the network infrastructure, including logs, metrics on signal strength, latency, and device failures.

  • Data from various network devices was streamed into Kafka topics, which allowed the operator to detect and analyze network anomalies in real-time.

  • With Kafka acting as the backbone for telemetry data streaming, the operator built real-time dashboards and automated alerts. This enabled proactive issue detection, reducing the time to resolve service outages and improving overall network reliability.

One of the biggest challenges the operator faced was providing real-time updates to customers’ data, call, and text usage, especially for prepaid subscribers. Their legacy system processed billing data in batches, leading to discrepancies between actual usage and the available balance shown to customers, often frustrating them and leading to support calls.

 

Kafka’s Role

  • Kafka was integrated with various customer-facing services, including call and data usage tracking systems. As customers made calls, sent texts, or consumed data, usage records were immediately sent to Kafka.

  • These usage events were then processed in real-time, updating customer balances instantly and notifying users about their remaining allowances through mobile apps or SMS.

  • The operator also used Kafka to track and process billing events, ensuring that both prepaid and postpaid customers saw real-time updates in their billing cycle, leading to a more transparent and satisfying customer experience.

Fraudulent activities, such as unauthorized use of SIM cards or SIM box fraud, where international calls are routed through local numbers to avoid high tariffs, were growing concerns for the mobile operator. The fraud detection system needed to analyze call patterns and behavior across millions of transactions, but the batch processing of call records caused significant delays in identifying suspicious activities.

 

Kafka’s Role

  • The operator implemented Kafka to stream call detail records (CDRs) and SMS logs from the network into a real-time analytics engine.

  • The fraud detection system, built using Kafka Streams (a stream processing library), processed incoming data to identify suspicious patterns such as unusually high call volume from specific SIM cards or abnormal international call routing.

  • By leveraging Kafka’s low-latency streaming, the operator reduced the time it took to detect fraudulent behavior from hours to seconds. When suspicious activity was identified, Kafka-triggered alerts were sent to block the SIM card or notify the customer, mitigating potential financial loss.

The mobile operator had customer data spread across multiple systems, such as CRM, billing, and support platforms, making it difficult to gain a holistic view of each customer’s journey. Departments like marketing and customer support were working with fragmented data, leading to inefficiencies and a lack of personalized service.

 

Kafka’s Role

  • Kafka was used to aggregate data from various systems in real-time, serving as the central hub for all customer-related events, such as usage patterns, billing history, support interactions, and network issues.

  • All these events were fed into Kafka topics, and a unified Customer Data Platform (CDP) was built to consume and process the data, enabling a 360-degree view of each customer.

  • Marketing teams were able to leverage this real-time data to offer personalized recommendations and targeted offers, while customer support could access up-to-date customer profiles to provide better, faster service.

With the growing trend toward 5G and IoT services, the mobile operator knew that their data volume would increase exponentially in the coming years. The company needed a scalable platform that could handle future demands without requiring significant rearchitecting.

 

Kafka’s Role

  • Kafka’s distributed architecture allowed the operator to scale horizontally by adding more Kafka brokers to handle the increasing load. As new 5G services were rolled out, Kafka acted as the backbone for ingesting and processing high-frequency data generated by millions of connected devices.

  • The operator could add more Kafka clusters to handle different services without disrupting existing pipelines, ensuring seamless scalability as the network and customer base expanded.

Benefits Realized:

Kafka Benefits Realized

By implementing Apache Kafka, Wizuda enabled the mobile operator to successfully transform its data architecture to meet the challenges of real-time data processing. Kafka provided the foundation for scalable, real-time data pipelines that improved network reliability, enhanced customer experiences, and enabled proactive fraud detection. The operator was not only able to meet current demands but also positioned itself for future growth with Kafka’s scalable and fault-tolerant architecture.

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